Early Online (Volume - 9 | Issue - 1)

Age Pyramid Assessment of Commercially Important Fishes, Cirrhinus mrigala and Oreochromis niloticus, from the Tropical Yamuna River, India

Published on: 10th July, 2025

Fish are important organisms as they indicate the ecological and environmental processes and the producer-consumer interactions. The fish samples of Cirrhinus mrigala and Oreochromis niloticus were collected from the Yamuna River at Allahabad (now Prayagraj), India, from August 2011 to July 2012. During the study period, 335 specimens of Cirrhinus mrigala and 516 specimens of Oreochromis niloticus were examined for the estimation of the age pyramid. The age groups varied from 0+ to 10+, and a heavy bottom or broad-based age pyramid was recorded in C. mrigala. The age groups varied from 0+ to 6+, and Urn shaped age pyramid was recorded in O. niloticus. The age group 2+ dominated by virtue of numbers in the lower stretch of the Yamuna River in both species of stock.
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Evaluation of the Clinical Rationality of the use of Cefazoxime Sodium for Injection in 328 Cases

Published on: 18th July, 2025

Objective: To study the use of cefazoxime sodium for injection in inpatients of the Third People’s Hospital of Yancheng City, and to provide reference for the rational clinical use of cefazoxime sodium. Methods: A retrospective study method was used to retrieve the medical records of patients discharged from 2 departments of urology and general surgery of the hospital using cefazoxime sodium in June-August 2023, and the rationality of the clinical use of injectable cefazoxime sodium was evaluated with reference to the relevant standards. Results: A total of 328 valid cases were included, of which 6 cases did not meet the dosage criteria, 10 cases did not meet the treatment time criteria; 44 cases did not meet the indication criteria. The comprehensive judgement of the reasonableness of the clinical use of cefazoxime sodium for injection resulted in 272 cases of reasonable use of the drug; 56 cases of unreasonable use of the drug. Conclusion: The clinical use of cefazoxime sodium for injection in this hospital is irrational and needs to be further strengthened and corrected.
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Assessment of Albino Beech Supremacy to Pigmented Beech Proves to Be A Better Environmental Condition Bioindicator

Published on: 2nd September, 2025

The research was conducted in southern Serbia, at an altitude of 600 meters, in a beech stand, on a dwarf albino specimen furher usually called Absiente pigmente fagus or just Absiente pigmente. Soil sampling and analysis were carried out at depths of 0-10 cm, 11-20 cm, and 21-30 cm. Laboratory tests included determination of the textural composition of the soil, total humus content, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and potassium, the sum of absorbed base cations, determination of hydrolytic acidity, and both active and substitutional acidity. The soil was found to have a sandy textural composition, with a strong to very strong acidic reaction and a low degree of saturation with base cations. It was further determined to be highly humic, well-supplied with total nitrogen and plant-available potassium, but poorly supplied with phosphorus. Chemical composition analyses of the leaves were simultaneously conducted on both pigmented and non-pigmented leaves. The composition of 15 macro and microelements was examined. The results showed that their concentration in albino leaves was 30% - 50% higher, except in the case of Se. The presence of heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, and nickel was significantly higher in the non-pigmented beech tissue compared to the green tissue (38.56% for Cd, 22.97% for Cr, and 44.89% for Ni). The research was conducted for the purpose of heavy metal extraction from the soil and green restoration, and it shall continue to this end.
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